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Volume 5 (3); May 25, 2015
Research Paper
Investigation of the Compliance of Architectural Principles of Sustainable Architecture in the Traditional Context of Tabriz: A Case Study of Tabriz Municipality Hall.
Kazemi E., Darskhan R., Kazemian P.
J. Civil Eng. Urban., 5(3): 116-122, 2015; pii:S225204301500020-5
Abstract
Paying attention to human life and the preservation of its present and future, using materials in the manufacture or use or even destruction that are homogeneous and stable with their environment, minimum use of fuel energy and maximum utilization of natural energies, minimal environmental degradation, improving physical and mental lives of humans and all living things in a healthy environment is a priority for the use of the vernacular architecture can be observed clearly. This paper examines the applicability of the principles of sustainable architecture in the traditional context of an architectural monument (Case Study: Tabriz Municipality Hall). In this study library method was used to check the contents. The results showed that this architecture is often consistent with sustainable architecture. Local buildings are considered dynamic, because they supply their needs with respect to energy on their site and they are compatible with the site and its climate.
Keywords: Sustainable Architecture, Vernacular Architecture, Tabriz Municipality Hall
Research Paper
The Role of Natural Disaster Museums as Training Centers in Discussions of Passive Defense.
Mohammadi Chermahini A., Mardomi K.
J. Civil Eng. Urban., 5(3): 123-130, 2015; pii:S225204301500021-5
Abstract
Natural disasters, bring casualties and financial loss every year around the world. This issue of defense and disaster preparedness is seen as part of the meaning of passive defense. Although places like “Crisis Management Centers” has been greatly helpful in disaster preparedness for authorities, but it did not work in the field of general education. Increasing of disastrous events, blood and mayhem have produced a group of museums whose main purpose is the exhibition of such disasters and memorialisation of their victims. All disaster museums, it seems, based on their locations, aim at contributing to preventing disasters and informing about risks that threaten our global cultural heritage, both material and intangible. The key for museums is to draw the line between entertainment and education: in any case, between museum building forms and spaces. The main problem with these sites is that how and in what way these museums can be effective on disaster awareness in every society. The importance of this issue causes to build many of these buildings in disaster sites. With various programs, trying to inform people in this field. Research Methods In This paper, is “content analysis” and “case study”, and review of the documents and their content and criticise of architecture and specific programs of these buildings have been trying to get acceptable results in this study.
Keywords: Natural Disasters, Museum, Education, Passive Defense, Natural Disaster Museum
Research Paper
Study on Bus Transportation System and Its Role in Urban Traffic (Case Study: Dezful City, Iran).
Hormati, L.
J. Civil Eng. Urban., 5(3): 131-135, 2015; pii:S225204301500022-5
Abstract
In regard of the ever-increasing development of the cities and the urban services, the citizens’ welfare has been more attended. The public transport affords to avoid any citizen’s wasting time and satisfy them by providing services, thus such issues have had the urban practitioners’ special attention for the urban transportation planning. The bus stop delay in the bus stations is one of the parameters affecting the quality of the transportation planning in the bus transportation system. For the purpose of identifying the bus stop delay factors and its accurate prediction, in addition to the more accurate schedules, the proper policies should be taken to reduce bus stop delay and increase the passengers’ satisfaction, while waiting or being transported in the stations. This study aims to investigate many solutions for the public transportation and the bus transportation system in Dezful city in order to reduce traffic and delays at the highest level of quality and elegance having sense of safety and comfort for the users. This research was conducted by survey. According to the questions in the questionnaires given to the bus drivers in Dezful city and the bus passengers, it is indicated that there is some delay in Dezful city bus network for reaching the bus station, which has had some troubles, e.g. the lack of park and ride routes causing many motorcycle, car and walker accidents as well as the high traffic and bus delays and finally the factors refrain from the bus network in Dezful city include the personal vehicles, waste of time when using the bus, crowdedness in busses and inadequate space in busses and the higher use of taxi.
Keywords: Transportation, Bus Network, Bus Station, Traffic, Vehicles, Dezful
Research Paper
The Relationship between Urban Sidewalks Design and Psychological Sense of Security.
Zarghami E., AzhdehFar Sh., Toodeh Fallah S.
J. Civil Eng. Urban., 5(3): 134-143, 2015; pii:S225204301500023-5
Abstract
One of the basic and important concepts in sustainable development is taking human needs into consideration and meeting them. Security is one of the most basic human needs, which in effect will lead to progress. Urban traffic is one the causes that put a psychological pressure on people and threatens the psychological sense of security. Today the fact that many people don’t use the sidewalks in streets and alleys is a constant psychological pressure both for the pedestrians and for the drivers. Studies show that such constant pressures can lead to serious psychological and mental problems. There are many reasons as to why people avoid using sidewalks for example poor flooring, uneven surfaces, natural and artificial obstacles, the disproportionate width of the sidewalks in comparison to the crossings, failure to take into account the human scale and the importance of viewing angle and the issues of visual perception and so on. In this article this issue is viewed from the pedestrian view and guidelines to solving this problem are researched. To this matter the method of research is combinatorial investigation. The results of the survey showed, that in short distances people over the age of 40 show more interest in a stroll than people under the age of 40. The superficial beauty of sidewalks was evaluated of much importance to both groups. The issue of uneven surfaces was the first priority for the group of over 40 and for the people under the age of 40 the problem that took priority was the width of sidewalks. Taking into consideration the results of both the descriptive and survey research the comfort level of pedestrian pathways were researched and presented.
Keywords: Sustainable Development, Psychological Sense of Security, Psychological Pressure, Sidewalk, Pedestrian Pathway, Human Scale
Research Paper
A Comparative Study of the Rules and Regulations Dominating Urbanization in Iran and England.
Khodaei D., Heidar Nejad K., Vojdani S., Kavoosi E., Khosravi M.
J. Civil Eng. Urban., 5(3): 144-150, 2015; pii:S225204301500024-5
Abstract
Being aware from the dominating rules and regulations in urbanization is considered as one of the prerequisites to achieve sustainable development. Both developed and developing countries have certainly gone through different urbanization and urban planning conditions in their developmental path. Of course due to different social, economic, cultural, political and other conditions in both of these countries, the dominating rules and regulations on urbanization also differs. The main aim of the present research paper is to do a comparative study on the dominating urbanization rules and regulations in both Iran as well as England. In this paper, England is assumed to be as a developed and leading country in urbanization and its related rules and regulations, while Iran is considered to be a developing country. Present research is applied in its objective and a descriptive-analytical one in its methodology and it's also of comparative type. The studied variables are as: concept of the city and the way it is defined in urban rules of Iran and England, the existence of different urban plans in Iran and England, the elements of urban planning and urbanization in Iran and England and management of law and policy making centers and institutions in urbanization and urban and regional planning in Iran and England. The results of the study signifies the fact that the dominating urbanization rules and regulations in Iran respect the ownership rights of the people in such a way that considers them as an absolute and irrevocable ones and even in some cases causes to the violation of the objectives and motives of setting urbanization rules while in the judiciary system of England, a balanced individual ownership right and social law is created through a proper prediction.
Keywords: Urbanization Rules and Regulations, Comparative Study, Iran, England
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