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Volume 5 (2); March 25, 2015


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Research Paper

A Comparative Analysis Method of Seismic Quasi-Static on Stability of Earth Dams.

Naderi Pour M., Asakereh A.

J. Civil Eng. Urban., 5(2): 38-46, 2015; pii:S225204301500009-5

Abstract

Given the need for in habiting and storing of surface water, to provide water for drinking, needed water for agriculture and industry, power generation, flood controlling and river flooding, and also the first step in the development and utilization of water resources is creating high dams. Technical and economic considerations at the design of high dams has shown that in many cases dams with clay core is preferred over other types of dams and is a good choice for the final design. Considering that one of the main affecting issues in the analysis and design of earth dams of the earthquake-prone areas, is the evaluation of seismic stability of these dams, in this study, it was attempted that by using the Geo-Studio software, the different methods of the quasi-static seismic analysis and with the approach of equilibrium methods will be compared with each other. And accordingly the best option in order to design these dams will be offered.

Keywords: Analysis of Quasi-Static, Limit Equilibrium, Seismic Stability, Stability of Earth Dams

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Research Paper

Determination of Optimal Dimensions of Concrete Gravity Dams Using LINGO11 Nonlinear Modeling.

Ghodousi H., Oskouhi M.

J. Civil Eng. Urban., 5(2): 47-52, 2015; pii:S225204301500010-5

Abstract

Today, the economic considerations is an important factor in the selection of water resources projects, hence the attempt to minimize the economic costs of the project is essential. Typically, concrete gravity dams are more expensive than other dams, Thus by optimization of the dimensions of these types of dams, in order to reduce the volume of concrete, the project will be more economical. In this study, in order to optimize the dimensions of Koyna concrete gravity dam, the various forces that are applied on the dam were considered and were used from the nonlinear programming model in LINGO11 software. The results shown that, by optimization of the dimensions of Koyna dam, the volume of concrete used in dam construction is reduced and this project will be more economical. The Volume of concrete used in the construction of the Koyna dam in the existing state is equal to 3633m3 and at optimal state is equal to 3551m3. The result of optimization of dimensions of Koyna dam, shown that the volume of concrete was reduced about 82m3. The results show that reduction of 2.26 percent of the volume of concrete used in dam construction, that is, economic in the high costs of dams’ construction.
Keywords: Optimal Section, Concrete Gravity Dams, Nonlinear Programming, Koyna Dam

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Research Paper

Storage Spaces (Neighborhoods), Residential (Case Study: Naeem Abad Streets of Yazd, Iran).

Karamooz E., Fakharzadeh Z., Miri Z.

J. Civil Eng. Urban., 5(2): 53-62, 2015; pii:S225204301500011-5

Abstract

During recent decades, in order to enhance the citizens’ presence in urban areas and consequently underlying increment of social interactions, mitigation of local streets has become a new urbanism movement. Therefore, developed states or even many developing countries have attempted to more humanize their urban environments. Thus, these efforts are considered normal nowadays. However, unfortunately urban design and planning in our country tends to vehicles dominance. This is neglected especially in residential areas having the task of providing a safe and secured environment for residents, ensuring their comfort. This study, therefore, aims at contribution to understanding of mitigation techniques and providing practical measures and solutions towards mitigating, adjusting and securing local streets, applied in a case study (Naeem Abad Street in the city of Yazd). The descriptive research method has been used to identify mitigation techniques in the stage of principles formulation by citing to library resources. Analytical research methodology has been used in status measurement phase. Finally, determining the coefficients of each index and their valuation has been done in Expert Choice software in order to evaluate alternatives. The results showed that Naeem Abad Street as a linear center and main crossway of the neighborhood lacks required adjusting and securing measures, bringing about numerous problems to pedestrians traffic. Accordingly, the most important achievement of this research is providing design solutions and practical measures in form of proposed selected option for mitigation, adjusting and securing of Naeem Abad Street.
Key words: Mitigation, Secure, Adjusting, Naeem Abad Street, Yazd

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Research Paper

The Floor of Tabriz Streets Analysis (Case Study: Emam Avenue, Tabriz, Iran).

Shafaat Gharamaleki T., Zebardast E.

J. Civil Eng. Urban., 5(2): 63-68, 2015; pii:S225204301500012-5

Abstract

The city is perfectly a living organism that has been changing. An urban space element of city that will be modified after it changed. The main street of the city is an urban space that in addition provides people's requirement, represents specific culture of city, too. The Imam Khomeini's street as a main street is responsible for this task, but yet it involves in space and physical disturbance. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the Imam Khomeini pavement to identifying problems and providing a solution to solve them. In first leg, we have studied library references to identify the issue and area and utilized field and observation research methods for exact recognize of area. At the end, according to our given information of theoretical foundation, analyze the location and along with recognizing strength and weakness points, present solution to solve an area's problems. We have achieved an important point of this analysis: placement fountain on the center of Saat square is a strength point that due to create more space confinement. One of the weaknesses points problems of pavements, and roadway’s floor can haven't been suitable face, and they are unusable by traffic, and the pavements are unsuitable for blind people. None of the pavement's elements are coordinated with an urban space's requirement. The pedestrian line should design for any kind of movement, but it made to only pass an act. Placement BRT station in this area cannot be accountable for passing traffic, although the placement trees' location is suitable, but due to placement of furniture caused disturbance. However, this area hasn't been specific placement for furniture, and ditch cannot be accountable for visual and performance requirements, too. Therefore, the weakness points can be a removable and improvement roadway, and pedestrian floor can improve the performance and beauty of the street, and also ordering floor's elements that can be accountable for visual and performance requirements.
Keywords: Street, Physical Elements, Floor, Tabriz, Urban Space

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Research Paper

Spatial Analysis and Ranking of Towns of Khuzestan Province In Terms of Development of ICT Indicators Using TOPSIS and AHP Techniques.

Muhammadi J., Bagheri K., Zandi K., Nadipoor N.

J. Civil Eng. Urban., 5(2): 69-76, 2015; pii:S225204301500013-5

Abstract

Planning with the aim of development and reduction of regional inequality is one of the important issues in the developing countries. Knowledge and analysis of the conditions of areas in different respects is the first step in the process of regional planning. Today, overcoming time and place restrictions, information and communications technologies (ICT), as the axis of and the key to sustainable development and the most important criterion of development, has changed the appearance of the world and the lifestyles, and is indeed both the cause and the effect of development. Accordingly, this study attempted to assess the degree of enjoyment of ICT indicators in the towns of the province of Isfahan using a descriptive-analytical method. The towns were investigated on the basis of 23 ICT indicators, by using quantitative models of planning such as the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), cluster analysis, weight assessment of indicators using AHP, and ranking and stratification of inequality in the towns. Result show lack of balance and harmony among the towns in terms of enjoyment of ICT indicators, such that the city of Ahvaz (with a point of 0.8793) rank first and the town of Haftkel (with a point of 0.0423) rank last. Results of cluster analysis reveal that most of the towns of the province are underprivileged. Results also demonstrate a direct relationship between the size of the population of the towns and their enjoyment of ICT indicators.
Keywords:
Development, Information and Communications Technology, TOPSIS, AHP , Khuzestan

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Research Paper

Ecological Design Process, the Way Toward Improve Modern Sustainable Architectural Design.

Feizi M., Ahmadi J., Ahmadi M.

J. Civil Eng. Urban., 5(2): 77-82, 2015; pii:S225204301500014-5

Abstract

Nowadays the main question of designers is about the consequences of their activities on the natural environment that how should be designed the built environment which not to destroy nature. Due to energy and environmental crisis conditions of present age, it is essential that instead of imitating the techniques of sustainable architecture, to be dealt with a more radical and looked for answer not in the design itself but in the point of view to that. The reason of existing architecture instability Can be connected to the lack of designer’s sufficient knowledge of the current situation, inability to categorize and organize their vast architectural information and field of design with the principles of sustainability. The problem could be related to deficiency of a specific design process and lock of holistic and sustainable design approach by the designers. The appropriate design in educational or in commercial architecture requires accurate and systematic process from beginning to the end. The main question of this research that is a logical argument with qualitative- interpretation approach using by library is how could specify the path of the design and promote the theoretical foundation step by step in order to develop suitable architecture. The main assumption in this research is how the design principles is more accurate and predetermined consequently the results is more desirable. Such principles could be found in ecological design. The objective of this work is the present a procedure of modern sustainable architectural design with the title of ecological design which has been introduced by Malaysian architecture Ken-Yeang. Based on the mentioned method, the process of design was presented in form of a table to make the designer to be capable to the accurate and classified design.
Keywords:
 Ecology, Built Environment, Sustainable Architecture, Ecological Design.

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Research Paper

Evaluating Economic, Social, and Physical Conditions of Unofficial Settlement of Gelsefid Neighborhood in Khoramabad, Iran

Sajadi Zh., Beyranvndzadeh M., Buchani M.H., Hashemi H.

J. Civil Eng. Urban., 5(2): 83-88, 2015; pii:S225204301500015-5

Abstract

Along with an increase in urban population, always new problems and issues have appeared in the cities. One of the most important problems is unofficial habitation. Unofficial habitation in Iran like many other countries is a growing phenomenon which makes difficulties such as unbalanced development of cities, unhealthy housing, environmental pollution, disparity in income level and etc. nowadays urban planners and managers have focused on empowerment of unofficial settlements as a unique strategy which needs applying thorough and proper management to be achieved. In this regard the present study have tried to investigate the causes leading to the formation of unofficial settlements especially Golsefid neighborhood in Khoramabad, Iran, through an analytical perspective and alleviate the negative consequences (distress and anxiety of citizens, unplanned physical development of the city, ecological conflicts, socio-economic disorders) of this problem by providing suitable and proper guidelines. The study has utilized descriptive –analytical approach.
Keywords: Unofficial Settlements, Empowerment, Khoramabad, Golsefid Neighborhoo

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Research Paper

The Impact of Public Spaces Physical Quality in Residential Complexes on Improving User’s Social Interactions; Case Study: Pavan Residential Complex of Sanandaj, Iran

Behrad B. and Bahrami B.

J. Civil Eng. Urban., 5(2): 89-93, 2015; pii:S225204301500016-5

Abstract

Public spaces in residential complexes provide a major framework for social interactions. The active presence of people in social interactions raises the sense of community and improves the quality of life by strengthening civic sense. Urban public spaces form the framework for social relationships. This paper emphasizes on social aspects in the residential complex of Pavan in Sanandaj, aims to assess social interactions in its public spaces to identify the strengths and weaknesses, and offer some proposals to improve them. The research methodology is descriptive - analytical and data gathering was done by using a standard questionnaire validated by PPS institution and documentary studies. In this method, first, literature of review helped find the socialization in public spaces and residential complexes. In order to achieve the influential architectural factors in the socialization of public spaces, a survey method was carried out. After conducting field studies, architectural priorities influence on socialization and social interaction were analysed and classified. Based on the results, the factors affecting the promotion of social interaction in the residential complex of Pavan in Sanandaj were identified.
Keywords: Public Spaces, Spatial-Physical Quality, Social Relationships, the Residential Complex of Pavan in Sanandaj

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Research Paper

Applying Environmental Design Approach (CPTED) to Improve Security in Urban Worn Out Texture; Case Study: Urmia Downtown, Iran

Ahmadi B., Afrouz M., Hashemi S.M.

J. Civil Eng. Urban., 5(2): 94-101, 2015; pii:S225204301500017-5

Abstract

Most crime occurs when the perpetrator finds an appropriate opportunity; the opportunities may be due to a factor or a combination of several factors. In many cases, the term of opportunity to commit crime is used with secure together. Security is one of the main sustainable factors of today’s communities, without stability and security, there is no possibility of growth and development for any community and positive achievements will be replaced by negative ones. One of physical solutions to increasing security is crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED), which is currently the most efficient solution to supply physical security through reducing criminal opportunities in urban areas. Worn out textures in cities due to the specific physical and activity characteristics are considered as one of the main crime rise centers. In this study, the factors affecting insecurity and creating criminal opportunities of worn out texture of Urmia downtown have been studied. The research method is analytical-descriptive and the tool of library studies, survey and open questionnaires has been used to collect required data. The research result shows that due to insecurity reasons in the scope of the study, the principles of CPTED approach can be effective in reducing the rate of insecurity. To this end, strategies for enhancing security in the study area using environmental design approach would be proposed at the end.
Keywords:
Security, Crime Rise, Worn Out Texture, Crime Prevention, CPTED, Worn Out Texture, Urmia Downtown

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Research Paper

Historical Study on Gender Identity in Forming Social and Architectural Space: Northern Cities of Iran in Qajar Era

Varmaghani H, Soltanzadeh H, Tahaee S.A.

J. Civil Eng. Urban., 5(2): 102-107, 2015; pii:S225204301500018-5

Abstract

Due to some ambiguities in defining the domain of gendered space in traditional cities and gaps in the knowledge related to the northern cities in the Qajar Era, this paper examines the conception of the public and private domain in Gillan and Mazandaran cities. We delineate the intricacies of how people of northern Iran conceptualized the public and private domain, and specifically how females have experienced these domains, with regard to the common view of “gendered space”. We also describe the role of women and their relationship to space outside of kinship ties. The paper concludes that the northern context to some extent was different from other Iranian traditional contexts, due to the environmental circumstances and livelihood causing the different status of northern women. Therefore these conditions led to a kind of soft boundary between the two realms of public and private life and, thus, allowed the possibility of women’s negotiation with public domain more than in other traditional cultures.
Keywords: Gender, Space, Northern City, Qajar Era

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Research Paper

Evaluation of the Capabilities of Development of Ahar city of Iran, with an Emphasis on the Role of Road Transportation Network

Sarvar H., Kashani Asl A., Salahi Sarikhan Biglou V., Lalepour M.

J. Civil Eng. Urban., 5(2): 108-115, 2015; pii:S225204301500019-5

Abstract

Nowadays, transportation and traffic are the key issues in urban and regional studies. Throughout history, road transportation had a significant role on the development of cities. Transportation industry, especially road transportation, can be seen as a driving force for the development. Efficacy and capabilities of road transportation is the base of sustainable development. Then, the aim of the present study is to emphasize the need for the use of road transportation in urban development. The study used analytical method of the study and library and field studies were used to collect data. First strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of road transportation and urban development were determined using SWOT analysis and then the solutions were discussed. The results showed that the final solution is to promote the development of tourist spots, mines, agriculture and animal husbandry. This is an offensive strategy based on the strengths using the available opportunities and promoting road transportation network, which makes sustainable development possible.
Keywords: Road Transportation, Urban Development, Strategic Planning, Ahar City, SWOT Model

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