Women, Urban Designing and Planning with Emphasis on Iran. J. Civil Eng. Urban., 8 (3): 25-32. www.ojceu.ir;
Author: Sarvar H, Afzali Guroh Z; Kheiri T (2018).
Date: 2018-08-23T05:51:44.508287+00:00

2018 Scienceline Publication

Journal of Civil Engineering and Urbanism

Volume 8, Issue 3: 25-32; May 25, 2018

ISSN-2252-

0430

Women, Urban Designing and Planning with Emphasis
on Iran

Hoshang Sarvar1, Zahra Afzali Guroh2 and Toran Kheiri2

1PhD, Assistant professor of Geography and Urban Planning Department, University of Maragheh, Iran 2MSc student of Geography and Urban Planning, University of Maragheh, Iran

Corresponding author’s Email: h.sarvar1351@gmail.com

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ABSTRACT: It is necessary to clarify the status of women at the cities. Because women as a half of the city v
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population are one of the most effective group of city. Therefore in their view, a desired place happiness in the e
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environment of the city. Environment designing and planning can be considered as a kind of goal- oriented approach p

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for the promotion of women status at city environment. The purpose of the current study is to strong and weak point i
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opportunity and threats in the feminine city planning and designing. The current research method is a combination A

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of library and field method. In the library method, some of information about the status of women in the

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environment of city have been collected and by the use of surveying method and field studies have been done to 0

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clarify the existent points for development and improvement of planning. Then by the use of SWOT (strengths, E
weaknesses, opportunities, threats) modeling, it has addressed analyzing data. In order to define the weight of factors of SWOT, based on interview and filling out question nares some groups of women helped to do it, and in the following appropriate strategies were defined in four groups of SO, ST, WO, WT finally in order to choose of the best approach, the four point matrix (IE) was used. The results of the study showed that the diversity strategy (ST) is the most appropriate approach for development and promotion of city designing and planning that are good for women in the society.

Keywords: Planning, City Designing, Women, SWOT

INTRODUCTION
artificial environments of city which effectively
has a great impact in increasing social

Statement of problem
investment, quality improvement of social

The need for development and progress is
welfare.

an inner requirement for both man and woman.

Improvement and increase in citizen

Motivation for self- flourishing and individual
satisfaction and consequently improvement of
evolution and progress will be possible in a
social welfare. Without doubt, realization of a
good environment of meritocracy. With such an
justice city that is a significant outlook of a
approach, attention to the gender dimension has
good city rule in a new urban society which
been urban considered in urban design and
requires expert planning and careful pathology.

planning. Because most of experts who

With such a literature in this article focuses on
critically view today cities believe that cities are
the status of woman in management and
made by men and that requirements of civil life
planning of city and in addition to surveying
is ignored for woman. One of challenging
theoretical and practical dimensions of this
issues of theories and development programs is
matter, we pay attention to city condition and
the status of woman in designs and politics of
departments in social life. The important
the country. Nowadays with such a view the
question that comes out here is that how far do
need for revision in urban approaches and
the decision's and politics in designing and
politics has been considered with the goal of
urban planning pay attention to the benefits and
fundamental reform in gender inequality.

demands of woman?

That is, based on UN agenda, gender
development programs are based on gender

Literature review
realities (Longe, 1993: 26). Environmental

Ramon et al. (2004) in a research has been
design and programming can be considered as a
surveyed the role of urban planning in making
targeted approach to reduce crimes in in
contact between gender and local urban places

To cite this paper: Sarvar H, Afzali Guroh Z and Kheiri T (2018). Women, Urban Designing and Planning with Emphasis on Iran. J. Civil Eng. Urban., 8 (3): 25-32.

www.ojceu.ir

25
in Barcelona of Spain. In this research it has
communication and urban mobility (like taxi
been basically tried to extract the important
and bus station).

parameters in the Field of gender planning of

Khalil Abad et al. (2013) in an article
urban places and finally using the above
names as "planning safe places of city based on
parameters, optimal planning will be done. The
gender segregation using CPTED approach,
result of research has shown that woman
case study: district of Farhangian in Bonab city"

because of being more vulnerable than men,
relying on descriptive- analytic method and
should be considered in urban planning
using documentary data and according to

Because wrong planning can avoid women who

CPTED approach in the form of SWOT table,
involve a great number of people in a city ,
concluded that Creation of active business ridge
from appropriate use of public places of that
and raising night economy, removing.

city.

Silent places should be provided on order

Dadvar and Afzali (2007) in an article
to promote the planning pattern of the city. In
titled as "role women in planning and city
this article by taking advantage of some results
design in Kerman " with the use of didactic
of previous research, it has been surveyed the
statistical analysis like Cramer coefficient and
status of women in urban planning and given

Alpha coefficient, concluded that there is a
right strategies for promoting city environments
direct relation between once education and
for women.

highlighting the role of women in urban

Woman and urban planning and design
planning and there is an inverse relation

City is a set of culture and a framework
between education and level of presence of
that has been formed due to its requirements,
women in defending sessions of architecture
activities and behavior of its resident. Human
and urban development, between age of women
beings behave according to their individual and
and with their participation in urban designing
group requirements and define their certain
projects, as well as between age of women with
behavioral pattern (Pakzad, 2005:1). The
their participation in development projects.

concept of citizen is an abstract concept for our

Sarayi and Ali Rezanjad (2007) in their
urban planning. And programmers have little
research with a sociological approach and
tangible imagination of a citizen and a citizen in
considering women as a significant part of
its best from is a young healthy man without
society that can have important role in social
any problem to communicate in the street. So
movements, have surveyed limiting factors of
all the city services are for providing his
women's presence in public arenas the results
individual needs and gender differences of
have shown that because of in appropriate
citizens have never been in the center of
design of public places and domination of
attention of programmers.

masculinity in Iran society, also low level of

Attention to the fine differences between
security urban environment, the presence of
men and women is apparent in any of the city
women in these places is so weak.

designs. According to this, since 1960, growth

Soltani et al. (2011) in a research titled as
of women movement and matter of relation

"urban planning in order to enhancing the
between city and gender was proposed. Women

Iranian – Islamic identity of women with the
increasingly find out that how city politics in
emphasis on the role of city quarters" with the
different fields of economical, social, cultural
method of content analysis. Concluded that,
and free time, housing, transportation, open
promoting current status is necessary in city
places, environment, safety and etc… can cause
structure by paying attention to native patterns
them to comfort. Hence, in city planning,
of this country. Also, creation of collaborative
attention to dispersion, distribution, location of
centers of women for activating physical
activities and services such as training, health,
environment of city, creation and reinforcement
cultural, economic and official centers are of
of neighborhood center system in providing city
great importance considering intervals, special
services and revival of public places, will be
connections, natural features and environmental
greatly effective.

potentials (Masavorhawer et al., 1994: 96). It

Shokouhi et al. (2013) in an article titled
seems that reaching more beautiful, healthier,
as "women participation in safety of public
more appropriate, kinder and safer cities require
places city of Saghez by urban participation
a revision in foundations of national politics of
model" through library studies and PUA
city with emphasis on the role of gender factors

Sessions by women and providing appropriate
and feminine values in housing, transportation,
strategies, using SWOT model, showed that
economic, social and cultural activity centers,
required strategies has been offered for
leisure spaces and tourism.

To cite this paper: Sarvar H, Afzali Guroh Z and Kheiri T (2018). Women, Urban Designing and Planning with Emphasis on Iran. J. Civil Eng. Urban., 8 (3): 25-32.

www.ojceu.ir

26
separated from boys at the. Age of 9 and were

Grounds for Iranian urban woman
completely separated from them thereafter.

from a historical viewpoint

A review on itineraries show that the main

MATERIALS AND METHODS
position for Iranian urban woman, in the period
of Ghajar, was a special part, called inside,

The method of this research is, materials
almost all the itinerary writes and observers,
and documents, descriptive and library studies.

remember Iranian woman as someone who is

In order to clarify the explanation and
looking furtively behind the tall walls without
description of the research it has been tried to
any window to the outside. All of them agree
collect the related information in line with
that their house was divided into two part of
subject of the research by exploring in scientific
inside and outside and that women's name were
texts, articles, websites, magazines and etc.

never mentioned outside the house.

Then it identifies the positive point, weaknesses

It seems that tall colorful earthen walls
in planning related to women and chances and
that usually were remembered in introducing
threats. In a brainstorming session and an

Iranian house, are the main symbol of
interview with urban planning reporters
separation for whatever that is called in private

(experts), following the research based on their
and household arena with whatever that is
viewpoint it has been weighed to every factor in
outside the house. Even, Because of Women not

SWOT strategy and finally the big strategies
involving in social activities, Hasan Beigi refers
appropriate with planning has been defined for
to the lack of information about women's
this group.

clothing in in old Tehran (Hasan Beigi, 1987:

26-29). The presence of women outside home

Position and formation of feminine
was so limited and identifying such atmosphere
social relations in Iran

Surveying the places were urban woman
helps recognizing potential feminine arena
was allowed to be at and also by study the way
outside home.

of her communication
with the outside

Foreign observers suggest the image of
world, it can be said that, Iranian women of
secluded a creature from an Iranian woman,

Naseri period had a special zone that men were

Their reasons for this isolation is based on two
not allowed to enter at it. In addition that
point: her clothing 2) her absence in public
women themselves had no reach to places that
assemblies.

were dedicated for men. Reports also suggest

In reports of Karla Serna (1983), Lady
that in home parties and other circles. Gender

Shal (1989), Brogesh (1988) and etc. it has
separation was seriously observed, in a way that
referred to holy places and tombs out of city or
the relation of strange women was also
visiting relatives graves on Thursday evenings.

accelerated. Karla Serena (1983), in this case

Markets, public bathrooms and relative’s house.

says that: "There nothing called as home party

Public bathroom was a place for exchanging the
in Iran" (Serena, 1983: 117). Gander separation
latest news about the city and it has been called
was up to a point that the circles were formally
a place for "picnic" and a kind of "circle".

masculine. Although mother of shah had hold

These places were for the continuation of home
special celebrities called "feminine Islam",
arena (for playing the traditional role of
these celebrations were also ridiculed and never

Feminine) and were completely feminine and
been considered as serious.

practically most of women's time was spent in

Historical surveys show that Iranian urban
such places. However Karla sevena refers to
woman was allowed to be present at special
more low- class women of society washing
arenas that generally had feminine tissue.

clothes in the Allais.

Observations of foreign of men and women,

So, it seems that probably low-class
observed certain rules. Laydy Shal states:

women in order to do their daily duties and

"Before we went off the ship, I covered myself
every day riles, were seen more out behind the
in a thick chador (hijab) and I tried to imitate
tall walls of houses. But in this case should be
the local women. As I didn’t want to annoy
taken into account that they were seen near

Muslim people's emotion so I agreed on doing
their living places and with other women.

such a thing (Shal, 1989: 19).

Poolak (1989) also reports that whenever a

Whenever in the streets, hijab of a woman
family wished to, they sent their daughters to
goes away because of accident, men near her
schools. In those days schools they were
have to keep their eyes off from her until she
orders herself again. Even the old beggar

To cite this paper: Sarvar H, Afzali Guroh Z and Kheiri T (2018). Women, Urban Designing and Planning with Emphasis on Iran. J. Civil Eng. Urban., 8 (3): 25-32.

www.ojceu.ir

27

woman is never seen without mark in the
streets. this triggers public curiosity and even
people sympathize with them. Just the face of a
chador- wearing woman is apparent that they
also cover it in front of strangers (Poolak, 1989:

157). With respect to the condition of society
among this period and had the assumption that

Iranian women were secluded ones.

The ambassador of Japan, in the period of

Nasser- Addin Shah states in his itinerary:

"women were wearing chador that had covered
them from top to bottom and only the eyes had
a view to outside from behind a lace mask

(Masaharo, 1998: 176). Apparently this

Figure 1.

isolation was even extreme when
communicating with men.

Urban planning for women in the
abroad

City programmers, have combined city
designing and gender mainstreaming for more
that two decades. So, before any research is
done, data are collected to estimate how
different groups of people use public places. In

1999, formal authorities of Vienna, Austria
asked the residents of a city how and how often
do they use public transportation. Orsoal Baer
one of authorities in this research states that:

"most of the filled out the questionnaire less

Figure 2.

than 5 minutes but women were continuing
writing them".

In order to making walking safer at nights

Men reported that two times a day, in the
for women, more lights were added and on the
mornings for going to the work and at night for
other hand sidewalks were made wider so that
coming back home. They used car or public
people could walk easily on tight allies. A big
transportation. However women for hundreds
staircase with a slop inside it was installed near
of reasons, use sidewalks, buses, metro lines
the big intersections of streets, so that crossing
and tramway they had written things like this:

facilitated for those a carriage or others that
some mornings I take children I help my
used will chairs. Vien has applied gender
mother in shopping and get back children to
mainstreaming in parts of city management
home by metro.

including health and education politics.

Women used more of public transportation

However nowhere was much effective than
than men and most of them used to walk. They
urban planning. More than 60 hundreds
also dedicated their time between work and
experimental project have been done so far. In
household commitments such as taking care of
increasing size of these projects, gender
children their old parents. Urban planning
mainstreaming has been turned into a
experts planned to promote sidewalk conditions
constraint, therefore to reform the city to its real
and facilitate public transportation availability
meaning, then, the organization of " green city"

(Figure 1).

soon started a set of experimental projects for
mainstreaming in urban planning. One of the
first projects that were designed for women and
by them in 21 region of the city.

The idea was to create a home that would
facilitate life for women (Figure 2). According
to this idea there are buildings that yard
surrounds them. There are circle and green parts
in the yard that allows parents and children
spend time outside home without going to some

To cite this paper: Sarvar H, Afzali Guroh Z and Kheiri T (2018). Women, Urban Designing and Planning with Emphasis on Iran. J. Civil Eng. Urban., 8 (3): 25-32.

www.ojceu.ir

28
faraway places. These set of apartments consist
strategy that creates the best matching among
of kindergarten, drugstore and doctors Clinic. It
them. From this viewpoint, this model is an
is also near to public transportation and so
appropriate strategy that maximizes strengths
makes traveling to school and work place easy
and chances and minimizes weaknesses and
for women.

threats. In fact, the key point of this model is

The conference of "building safer places
the analysis of a range of all positional features
and women's safety in city" was hold in
of system and there for providing a useful

November 2005 in London. In this conference
framework for the selection of strategies
was also done on Vietnamese women that were

(Hekmatnia and Mousavi, 2006: 294). Based on
in the form of 3 workshop: 1) city designing
this in order to suggest good strategies,
workshop 2) methods of estimation and
planning stable and desired places of city is
evaluation workshop 3) priority practice and
considered as inevitable in a way that gender
practical designs was focused on matters like
differences are observed in it and help
availability, movement and active view and
recognize ingredients and elements to remove
other things that reduce the chance of criminal
weaknesses and threats and promote strengths
acts and introduced places that were successful
and chances. So in order to improve such
and were well- designed in appearance and had
places, first it takes into account the classifying
various motions.

of the most important inner strengths and

The workshop of method of evaluation
weaknesses and outer threats and chances.

showed that some matters should be taken into

As it is shown in table 1, in city planning's
account: empty stores, unnecessary staffs, lack
and designs, based on women's position,
of liable such as police and guard and weak
number of 11 strengths versus 11 outer chances
light have the most priority in weakening the
versus 9 outer threats has been recognized and
safety (report of conference of London 2005:

surveyed. In sum number of 22 strengths point

25).

and chances as advantage and number of 20

In recent years in Australia a new
weaknesses and threats as limitation,
movement of urbanism has been spread, the
confronting planning of desired places for
movement of "night economy" has had a great
women has been recognized. In addition
impact on different parts especially city centers
through questionnaire, general advantages and
and has certain meanings for women. At first it
limitations for prioritizing the options, has been
seems that women are fewer users, unless the
evaluated and completed by groups of urban
availability of transportation and station of
women. In the table below it is shown
transportation develop more. Design of garages
prioritizing and significance coefficient is given
considers security matters and design of big
and the rank and final marks of each strengths,
shopping centers and at night and this way, light
weaknesses, chances and threats are
and public transportation and its related
shown.rank1: critical weakness, rank 2: usual
services will develop. In addition it revivifies
weakness, rank 3: usual strength, rank 4: perfect
cultural and amusement programs such as
strength, As it is shown in table 1: factors such
events and street activities. Here more
as light facilities and light at night in public
combination for the use to such places should
places, public transportation, space for safe
take place. Renting places that are currently
crossing and walking, women active role in city
empty, If are temporarily used, many locations
architecture and urban development, higher
will be provided for cultural activities. The light
education chances for girls and Existence of
is designed in a way that it attracts more people
security measures such as locational positions
with its light spectrum so that more people
of stations., are the most important points that
come around city center. Decorative lamps for
are mentioned for desired planning and based
streets and building and the light coming out of
on women needs.

stores and other else help improved the safety

Zoning rules that have caused separation

(Hamedi & Naeemi, 2010: 16).

of users and accommodation in surroundings
and women and getting far away from city

Analysis of data by SWOT modeling
center, extreme separation of residential and

SWOT modeling is one of strategic tools
commercial areas, in a way that women's need
for matching inner strengths and weaknesses of
in balancing home and economical duties, have
system with weakness and threats of system or
been ignored. Unsafe places for women for
chances and threats of outer system. SWOT
example low class areas of the city, margins of
modeling gives a strategic analysis for
half- built buildings and silent allies, using
recognizing these factors and selection of the

To cite this paper: Sarvar H, Afzali Guroh Z and Kheiri T (2018). Women, Urban Designing and Planning with Emphasis on Iran. J. Civil Eng. Urban., 8 (3): 25-32.

www.ojceu.ir

29
some features like garage, public toilets,
under passes) and narrow sidewalks and

Telephones and automatic cars that are
mentioned as the most weakness points in
considered as vulnerable factors, open spaces
planning and women points in points in

(parks and sides of city) and places (allies and
planning and women axis designing.

Table 1. The matrix of inner factors evaluation (IFE) designing and planning desired places for women S
t0.02

4

0.05

E

. xistence of light at night in public places

S1
r
e0.16

4

0.04

E

. xistence of special agency for women

S2
n0.16

4

0.04

Involvement & leadership of women in local politics

S3
g0.12

3

0.04

S

. afety of public parks that women experience fear in them

S4
t0.24

4

0.06

P

. ublic transportation and places for safe and effective walking

S5
h0.2

4

0.05

W

. omen's active role in city architecture urban development

S6
s0.2

4

0.05

I

. ncreasing higher education chances for girls

S7

0.12

3

0.04

Separated public places women, such as women's park

S8

(0.15

3

0.05

Existence of security measures such as location position of stations

S9

S

Security of women by some evaluations like special guards in required places like when

)

0.16

4

0.04

S10
women work late at night

0.12

3

0.04

Cultural amusement programs in city areas

S11

1.63

-

0.5

Sum

0.06

2

0.03

Absence of expertise in traveling to city areas

W2

Extreme separation of residential and commercial areas in a way that women's need are

0.1

2

0.05

W3
ignored in balancing household and economical duties

W

The possibility of hard entrance to special work of men, market and technical and

0.06

2

0.03

W4
ea
specialized exchanges, are some of these places
kn0.04

1

0.04

Fear of using garages of city and crossing sidewalks at nights

W5
ess0.04

1

0.04

Disability of viewing public places and public ways

W6
es

Unsafe places for women like low- class regions of the city, margins of half- built building (0.06

1

0.06

W7
and silent allies

W

Using features such as garage, public toilets, telephones and automatic machines that are

) 0.1

2

0.05

W8
considered as vulnerable factors

0.1

2

0.05

Open areas (parks and surrounding of the city) and sidewalks(allies and under passes)

W9

0.04

1

0.06

N

. arrow sidewalks and entrance to places that are banned by beggars

W10

0.06

2

0.03

P

. ositions without any owner and custodian

W11

0.72

-

0.5

Sum

2.35

-

1

Sum of weaknesses & strengths

Rank 1= serious threat; Rank 2= usual threat, Rank 3= usual chance, Rank 4= exceptional chance. Source: findings of research Table 2. Evaluation matrix of outer factors (EFE) - designing and planning desired places for women O
p
p
o

0.16

4

0.04

A

. ttempts for civilization and improvement of city places

O1
r0.24

4

0.06

U

. sers politics in sectional range

O2
t0.2

4

0.05

Good location choice for educational, cultural and amusement facilities

O3
u

New metro stations made of glass so that women can be seen inside and also they can see their 0.12

3

0.04

O4
n
s

. urrounding

0.12

3

0.04

I

. ncreasing economical movements and night activities

O5
i0.2

4

0.05

P

. romoting night transportation services

O6
s

Improving and promoting the quality of life and household matters of women though
t0.09

3

0.03

O7
p

. articipating in group and community places
s0.2

4

0.05

S

. ome roles of management with support of women assemblies

O8

(0.24

4

0.06

D

. edicating some roles of managements support of women assemblies

O9

O

0.16

4

0.04

R

. eorganization and planning environments in line with women's perception of danger

O10

)0.12

3

0.04

Acknowledgement and other signs and information's

O11

1.85

-

0.5

Sum

T
h

0.06

1

0.06

Fear as the factor of absence in public places

T2
r0.1

2

0.05

Women's vulnerability in silent and private places

T3

0.1

2

0.05

Areas in which the apartments are close shopping centers. These buildings are exposed to many T4

To cite this paper: Sarvar H, Afzali Guroh Z and Kheiri T (2018). Women, Urban Designing and Planning with Emphasis on Iran. J. Civil Eng. Urban., 8 (3): 25-32.

www.ojceu.ir

30
da

. ngers, because they empty during the day & have the least natural care

Big shopping centers and places where have cinema bar and amphitheater have more problems 0.1

2

0.05

T5
than places that are located around the city

0.07

1

0.07

Some bothering's for women such as: scaring by cars, ridiculing and sexual abuse

T6
e

0.1

2

0.05

Social crimes in public places

T7
a

0.08

2

0.04

Focus on users land that create crime and bothering behavior

T8
t

0.06

1

0.06

Designing and planning body factors of city without considering gender observations

T9
s

0.74

-

0.5

Sum

2.59

-

1

Sum of chances and threats

Rank 1= serious threat; Rank 2= usual threat, Rank 3= usual chance, Rank 4= exceptional chance.

According to table 2, applying mixed users policy
public places, bothering women such as: scaring them by
in sectional range, good location of educational, cultural
car, ridiculing and sexual abuse, designing and planning
and amusement facilities, promoting night transportation
of the body factors of city without considering gender
services, dedicating some management roles with the
observations are mentioned as the most important threats
support of women assemblies, rearrangement of places,
in this field according to the obtained results based on
basic factors such as pruning the trees and recognizing

SWOT analysis, in order to promote the plans and
dark areas of the city. It have been the most important
designs of the city with respect to position and
chances in the field of planning for women. Extreme
conditions of women in cities the following strategies in
feeling of insecurity, fear as the factor of absence in
table 3 are given.

Table 3. Strategies of feminine programs and designs improvement

Threats (T)

Opportunists (O)

SWOT

ST

SO
gth

Diversity strategies

Offensive and competitive strategies
s (S)

 Reinforcement of alignment of city development programs with

 Reinforcement of investment for creation of places that
trenS

WT

WO

Defensive strategies

Reviewing strategies

)

 Using media and new information technology and attracting support of

 Following the cooperative programs in the environment
projects and programs that gender observation is considered in them.

 Rebuilding and reforming city areas and proceedings for

 Generation of cooperative assemble, of women in designing and
investigation of these areas.

esses (W
planning and introducing relative subjects with gender.

 Existence of a good security system for fast recognition of
eakn

 Promotion of cultural level and reinforcement of Islamic culture.

social crimes.

W

 Temporary use of empty places.

Source: findings of research

Four point inner and outer Matrix (IF)

IV

III

For analyzing the inner and outer factors at the

WT

ST
same time it is used of tool called inner and outer

Matrix. In order to from this Matrix, grades obtained
from evaluative matrixes of inner and outer factors
should be placed in vertical and horizontal dimensions of
this matrix, so that place of industry becomes clear and

Figure 3. Final grade of inner & outer factor evaluation
good strategies can be taken (Kurdaich and Azar Niakan,
matrix. Source: findings of the research, 2015

2009: 105). The matrix under the study here is of
checkered kind in checkered matrix, these grades are
defined in a spectrum of two parts including weak (1-

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

2.5) and strong (2.5-4). According to inner and outer
matrix, planning and feminine city development is

Study the way of women's presence during
placed in home III. Therefor diversity strategy should be
historical period in cities and by breaking down the
used for promotion and reformation program and city
traditional rules in modern world, in city programing,

2.5
designs.

attention to traditional values on one hand and
considering new needs of this group on the other hand,

4

Conce
n s
ce
are very important. In general very city development and
si
s on
n of f

II

I
in
i ne
n r
programming that consider women, will cause less
fact
f
o
act rs

WO

SO
crimes.

(2

( .3

. 5)

)

&

Some places, some times for certain gender create

&

Conce
n s
ce
feeling of fear and more commonly feeling of
si
s on
n of f

2.5
noncompliance. In this study that is in line with the
oute
t r
e
fact
f
o
act rs
analysis of urban women condition is done by marking

(2

( .5

. 9)

grounds for fulfilling the development strategies of
feminine programs, the inner factors (Strength and

To cite this paper: Sarvar H, Afzali Guroh Z and Kheiri T (2018). Women, Urban Designing and Planning with Emphasis on Iran. J. Civil Eng. Urban., 8 (3): 25-32.

www.ojceu.ir

31
weakness points) and outer factors (threats and chances)

All authors contributed equally to this work.

were recognized. Among strength points factors such as
light facilities at night in public places, public

Competing interests
transportation and place for safe and effective walking,

The authors declare that they have no competing
women's active role in architecture and city
interests.

development, increasing chances of higher education for
girls and existence of security measures, like the position

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www.ojceu.ir

33